Greek Geeks – General Greek Books

A Preparation
a. Historical Background

Author: Paul, Romans 1:1. Though some nineteenth century liberal scholars questioned the Pauline authorship,[1] today, unlike many other Pauline letters, the Epistle to the Romans is almost universally held to be Pauline.[2]
Historical Setting:
Paul’s traveling plans included a stop in Rome on his way from Jerusalem to Spain, Romans 15:22–29. He writes this epistle in anticipation of this visit to Rome.
Paul had never yet visited the church in Rome, Romans 1:10-13 and
15:22, this despite the fact that about A.D. 180, Irenaeus identified

Peter and Paul together as founders of the Roman church (Adv. Haer.

125]3.1.2).[3]

15]3. The epistle was written from Corinth during Paul’s third missionary journey, probably during the winter of AD 56-57.

7]iii. The Church at Rome

According to Ambrosiaster (4th century) the church was not founded by an apostle, but rather by a group of Jewish Christians.
By the time Paul wrote his epistle, there appear to have been many believers of both Jewish and Gentile background (Rom. 16).
b. Outline of Romans:

Salutation, 1:1-7
Paul’s Purpose in Visiting Rome, 1:8-15
God’s two-fold revelation, 1:16-20
In the gospel (special revelation), 1:16-17
In nature (general revelation), 1:18-20 iv. Man’s universal condemnation, 1:21-3:21
The Gentiles, 1:21-32
The Jews, 2:1-3:21
Justification by faith, 3:22-5:21
Sanctification, 6-8
God’s plan for Israel, 9-11 [a resumption of 3:1-2]
Living Sacrifices, 12
Responsible Citizens, 13
Christian Liberty, 14:1-15:13
Closing remarks, 15:14-16:27
c. Contextual Setting of Romans 11:11-24

This paragraph occurs near the end of an extended section of Romans dealing with God’s plan for Israel. Chapters 9-11 actually constitute a resumption of a subject that had been introduced at the beginning of chapter 3. Having established the equal guilt of both Jews and Gentiles in chapters 1 and 2, Paul asked the question, “What, then, is the advantage of the Jew, or what is the profit of circumcision?” (Rom. 3:1). Paul began to answer this question by enumerating a list. In Romans 3:2 he began the list by writing, “First, the oracles of God were entrusted to them.”[4] But right away this list is interrupted by a discussion of righteousness by faith. This “digression” continues for the next six chapters. Chapter 9 opens with a resumption of the enumerated list. The list is actually resumed in Romans 9:4, “Whose are the adoption, and the glory, and the covenants, and the giving of the law, and the temple service, and the promises, from whom came the fathers, and from whom came the Messiah according to the flesh.” Thus, in all (including Rom. 3:2), Paul enumerated 9 items which describe “the advantage of the Jew.” In light of this exalted and privileged position of Israel, it seems an enigma that the Jews had rejected the Messiah at His first advent. Chapters 9-11 offer an explanation to this enigma. Chapter 9 explains that God’s election of Israel guarantees that they will eventually acknowledge that Yeshu‘a is their Messiah. Chapter 10 explains the means by which elect Israel will come to acknowledge that Yeshu‘a is their Messiah, namely through the preaching of the Gospel. Chapter 11 explains how present day Israel’s unbelief relates to the present age and what the believing Gentiles’ attitude toward national Israel should be.
Chapter 11 begins by discussing the doctrine of the remnant. Though Israel has often known periods in her history that were dominated by unbelief, there have always been, and will always be, some individual Israelites who will walk by faith in Yahweh (vv. 1-10). The existence of such a believing remnant is evidence that the entire nation will one day be brought to faith. That being the case, how should present day Gentile believers view national Israel in their time of unbelief? This is the primary question addressed in Romans 11:11-24. The chapter concludes (vv. 25-36) with a description of the restoration of Israel at the Messiah’s Second Advent (when “The deliverer will come out of Zion and will turn away ungodliness out of Yakov,” v. 26) and the bringing of Israel into the New Covenant (“And this is my covenant with them, when I forgive their sins,” v. 27). As Stifler noted, “When God’s purpose in breaking them off is served their blindness will be removed (II Cor. 3:14-16), and they will come into the blessed ‘advantage’ mentioned in 3:2.”[5]

A Preparation
a. Historical Background

Author: Paul, Romans 1:1. Though some nineteenth century liberal scholars questioned the Pauline authorship,[1] today, unlike many other Pauline letters, the Epistle to the Romans is almost universally held to be Pauline.[2]
Historical Setting:
Paul’s traveling plans included a stop in Rome on his way from Jerusalem to Spain, Romans 15:22–29. He writes this epistle in anticipation of this visit to Rome.
Paul had never yet visited the church in Rome, Romans 1:10-13 and
15:22, this despite the fact that about A.D. 180, Irenaeus identified

Peter and Paul together as founders of the Roman church (Adv. Haer.

125]3.1.2).[3]

15]3. The epistle was written from Corinth during Paul’s third missionary journey, probably during the winter of AD 56-57.

7]iii. The Church at Rome

According to Ambrosiaster (4th century) the church was not founded by an apostle, but rather by a group of Jewish Christians.
By the time Paul wrote his epistle, there appear to have been many believers of both Jewish and Gentile background (Rom. 16).
b. Outline of Romans:

Salutation, 1:1-7
Paul’s Purpose in Visiting Rome, 1:8-15
God’s two-fold revelation, 1:16-20
In the gospel (special revelation), 1:16-17
In nature (general revelation), 1:18-20 iv. Man’s universal condemnation, 1:21-3:21
The Gentiles, 1:21-32
The Jews, 2:1-3:21
Justification by faith, 3:22-5:21
Sanctification, 6-8
God’s plan for Israel, 9-11 [a resumption of 3:1-2]
Living Sacrifices, 12
Responsible Citizens, 13
Christian Liberty, 14:1-15:13
Closing remarks, 15:14-16:27
c. Contextual Setting of Romans 11:11-24

This paragraph occurs near the end of an extended section of Romans dealing with God’s plan for Israel. Chapters 9-11 actually constitute a resumption of a subject that had been introduced at the beginning of chapter 3. Having established the equal guilt of both Jews and Gentiles in chapters 1 and 2, Paul asked the question, “What, then, is the advantage of the Jew, or what is the profit of circumcision?” (Rom. 3:1). Paul began to answer this question by enumerating a list. In Romans 3:2 he began the list by writing, “First, the oracles of God were entrusted to them.”[4] But right away this list is interrupted by a discussion of righteousness by faith. This “digression” continues for the next six chapters. Chapter 9 opens with a resumption of the enumerated list. The list is actually resumed in Romans 9:4, “Whose are the adoption, and the glory, and the covenants, and the giving of the law, and the temple service, and the promises, from whom came the fathers, and from whom came the Messiah according to the flesh.” Thus, in all (including Rom. 3:2), Paul enumerated 9 items which describe “the advantage of the Jew.” In light of this exalted and privileged position of Israel, it seems an enigma that the Jews had rejected the Messiah at His first advent. Chapters 9-11 offer an explanation to this enigma. Chapter 9 explains that God’s election of Israel guarantees that they will eventually acknowledge that Yeshu‘a is their Messiah. Chapter 10 explains the means by which elect Israel will come to acknowledge that Yeshu‘a is their Messiah, namely through the preaching of the Gospel. Chapter 11 explains how present day Israel’s unbelief relates to the present age and what the believing Gentiles’ attitude toward national Israel should be.
Chapter 11 begins by discussing the doctrine of the remnant. Though Israel has often known periods in her history that were dominated by unbelief, there have always been, and will always be, some individual Israelites who will walk by faith in Yahweh (vv. 1-10). The existence of such a believing remnant is evidence that the entire nation will one day be brought to faith. That being the case, how should present day Gentile believers view national Israel in their time of unbelief? This is the primary question addressed in Romans 11:11-24. The chapter concludes (vv. 25-36) with a description of the restoration of Israel at the Messiah’s Second Advent (when “The deliverer will come out of Zion and will turn away ungodliness out of Yakov,” v. 26) and the bringing of Israel into the New Covenant (“And this is my covenant with them, when I forgive their sins,” v. 27). As Stifler noted, “When God’s purpose in breaking them off is served their blindness will be removed (II Cor. 3:14-16), and they will come into the blessed ‘advantage’ mentioned in 3:2.”[5]

Galatians
Detailed Exegetical Diagrams
Exegetical Outline

Galatians
Detailed Exegetical Diagrams
Exegetical Outline

10 Pages of different Greek terms (in English) referring to Grammar. This is actually just regular English Grammar terms, but specifically used in Greek language studies.

Smyth’s Greek Grammar is an essential reference grammar for intermediate and advanced learners. Smyth’s Greek Grammar for Colleges was first published in 1920 and it has been the default source of reference and citation ever since.

This is not the poor quality version previously available online! This resource was digitized by an expert in Greek, so the Greek is not garbled.

Derivative Copyright, 2014 by Allan Loder. All Rights Reserved. This material may not be reproduced or sold without Allan Loder's consent.

Allan Loder lives in Newfoundland, Canada. He is a PhD candidate (New Testament) from the University of Toronto. He also teaches 'Intro. to the NT online' for the university.

The following resources were used in the production of this theWord Bible module.

The book is in the public domain and available online in flip-book’ format https://archive.org/...wtest01mouluoft

There is also a PDF version (produced by Ted Hildebrandt, Gordon College, Wenham, MA) available at https://faculty.gord...mmarntgreek.pdf.

This free and downloadable grammar outlines in tables Greek accidence, such as definite articles, declensions of nouns and adjectives, verb endings, irregular verbs and more. It is designed to be used with First Greek Grammar Syntax and is intended for learners with some or no Greek experience.

For learners with beginning Ancient Greek experience, this book provides excellent discussion and examples of Greek Sytnax. See also the companion book – First Greek Grammar Accidence.

Goodwin’s Greek Grammar stands with Hadley’s Greek Grammar as one of the most widely used and longest running Greek Grammars in America. The grammar has gone through many editions and reprints for over 130 years, with the last major edition appearing in 1930.